宠医帮

标题: 皮肤是猫整体健康的指标：感染性疾病的皮肤临床表现-（2... [打印本页]

---

作者: 王帆    时间: 2020-6-25 10:21
标题: 皮肤是猫整体健康的指标：感染性疾病的皮肤临床表现-（2...

[attach]58772[/attach]

SKIN AS A MARKER OF GENERAL FELINE HEALTH

皮肤是猫整体健康的指标

Cutaneous manifestations of infectious disease

感染性疾病的皮肤临床表现

作者：Katherine Backel and Christine Cain
翻译：何梦婷   校对：王帆、刘欣

Viruses - and associated cutaneous disease

病毒相关性皮肤病

Viral diseases are common in cats; however, cutaneous manifestations are infrequent and may mimic more common dermatologic conditions. Diseases associated with viruses are often characterized by ulcers/erosions with overlying crust or scale. Some viruses may also result in cellular dysregulation and neoplastic transformation

病毒性疾病在猫身上很常见；然而，皮肤的临床表现并不常见，并且可能与更常见的皮肤病相似。与病毒相关的疾病通常以溃疡/糜烂为特征，其皮肤上覆有结痂或皮屑。一些病毒也可能导致细胞失调和向肿瘤转化。

Feline immunodeficiency virus

猫免疫缺陷病毒

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a retrovirus that results in an increased risk of neoplasia, and susceptibility to infection. There are no specific dermatologic conditions associated with FIV status; however, affected cats may present with skin infection or cutaneous neoplasia. Many opportunistic infections (including cryptococcal and mycobacterial infections) have been reported in FIV-positive cats, but there does not appear to be an increased prevalence of most infections compared with healthy cats. Although infection rates may be similar, FIV-positive cats may have more severe and prolonged clinical illness. FIV-positive cats have a five- to six-fold greater risk of developing multicentric or extranodal lymphoma, although cutaneous epitheliotrophic lymphoma remains uncommon. Other cutaneous tumors, especially Bowenoid in-situ carcinoma (BISC)/squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), have been reported with high rates (see ‘Bowenoid in-situ carcinoma’ box on page 1150)

猫免疫缺陷病毒（FIV）是一种逆转录病毒，可增加肿瘤发生风险和易感染。没有与FIV相关的特异性皮肤病；但是，患猫可能会出现皮肤感染或皮肤肿瘤。许多条件致病菌感染（包括隐球菌和分枝杆菌感染）已在FIV阳性猫中报告，但与健康猫相比，大多数感染的发病率似乎没有增加。尽管感染率可能相似，但FIV阳性患猫可能有更严重和更长期的临床疾病。FIV阳性猫患多中心或结外淋巴瘤的风险是正常猫的5-6倍，尽管皮肤趋上皮淋巴瘤并不常见。其他皮肤肿瘤，特别是鲍温氏病皮肤原位癌（BISC）/鳞状细胞癌（SCC）的发病率较高（见1150页鲍温氏原位癌表）

Feline leukemia virus

猫白血病病毒
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is an immunosuppressive, oncogenic gamma retrovirus that is passed between cats after prolonged contact. Immunosuppression is more severe than with FIV infection and FeLV-positive cats are at a greater risk of opportunistic infections and neoplasia. Similar to FIV-positive cats, the clinical course of opportunistic infections may be more severe. Otitis externa and skin infections due to other underlying causes may be persistent or recurrent.
猫白血病病毒（FeLV）是一种免疫抑制、致癌的γ-逆转录病毒，在长期接触后在猫之间传播。免疫抑制比FIV感染更严重，猫白血病病毒（FeLV）阳性猫有更大的机会感染和肿瘤形成。与猫免疫缺陷病毒（FIV）阳性猫相似，条件致病菌感染的临床病程可能更为严重。由于其他潜在原因可能有持续性或复发性的外耳炎和皮肤感染。

FeLV infection is associated with a number of different neoplasms in cats and increases the risk of developing lymphoma by 60-fold. However, an association between FeLV status and cutaneous lymphoma is questionable. FeLV status has also been associated with the development of BISC/SCC (see box above).
在猫身上，有许多不同的肿瘤疾病与猫白血病病毒（FeLV）感染相关，并患淋巴瘤的风险会增加60倍。然而，猫白血病病毒（FeLV）感染与皮肤淋巴瘤之间的关系是值得怀疑的。猫白血病病毒（FeLV）感染也与BISC/SCC（皮肤原位癌/鳞状细胞癌）的发展有关（见上框）。

Bowenoidin-situ carcinoma 皮肤原位癌 Bowenoid in-situ carcinoma (also termed multicentric squamous cell carcinoma in-situ) is a neoplastic transformation of keratinocytes that remains localized above the epithelial basement membrane. Lesions appear most commonly on haired skin of the head, neck and proximal limbs. Lesions are often multifocal, well- circumscribed, hyperpigmented, hyperkeratotic macules and plaques that may be ulcerated and crusted. Non-sun-induced lesions are considered to have a viral etiology, and papillomavirus DNA was identified in the majority of lesions in one study. In 2016, Felis catus papillomavirus type 2 (FcaPV-2) was isolated from aggressive, disseminated BISCs in two unrelated Devon Rex cats. High FcaPV-2 copy numbers and FcaPV-2 gene expression were detected in the majority of lesions, including those in the pulmonary parenchyma. 皮肤原位癌（也称为原位多中心鳞状细胞癌）是位于表皮层基底膜上方的角质细胞的一种肿瘤性转化。病变最常见于头部、颈部和四肢近端的有毛皮肤上。病变通常是多灶性，界限清楚，色素沉着，角化过度的斑和斑块，可能是溃疡和结痂。非日光诱导的病变要考虑病毒性病因，在一项研究中，在大多数病变中确定有乳头状瘤病毒DNA。2016年，从两只无血缘关系的德文莱克斯猫的侵袭性弥散性BISCs（皮肤原位癌）中分离出猫科动物乳头状瘤病毒2型（FcaPV-2）。在大多数病变中，包括肺实质病变中，FcaPV-2拷贝数和FcaPV-2基因表达较高。

Cutaneous horns are a clinically distinct entity in FeLV-positive cats (see box below). Another clinical syndrome, termed giant cell dermatosis, occurs rarely in FeLV-positive cats. Affected cats are pruritic with scaling, crusting, alopecia and variably ulcerated lesions most frequently affecting the head and face. Less common sites have included the trunk, legs and footpads. In all reported cases, the affected cats either presented with systemic signs or deteriorated quickly after diagnosis and died or were euthanized. Histopathologic features include syncytial cell formation and giant multinucleated keratinocytes. Positive staining for FeLV viral antigen, gp70, can be found throughout the epidermis and follicular outer root sheath. The differential list should include all other causes of head/neck ulcers and crusts (see Table1).
皮角是猫白血病病毒（FeLV）阳性猫的独特临床表现（见下框）。另一种临床综合征，称为巨细胞性皮肤病，在猫白血病病毒（FeLV）阳性猫中罕见。患猫瘙痒，有皮屑、结痂、脱毛和各种溃疡性病变，最常见于头部和面部。不太常见的部位包括躯干、腿和爪垫。在所有报告的病例中，患猫要么出现全身症状，要么在诊断后迅速恶化，死亡或被安乐死。组织病理学特征包括合胞体细胞形成和多核巨角质细胞。猫白血病病毒（FeLV）病毒抗原gp70在表皮和毛囊外根鞘均有阳性表达。鉴别诊断应包括头/颈溃疡和结痂的所有其他原因（见表1）。

Cutaneous horns 皮角 Cutaneous horns are cylindrical masses of hard keratin that extend from the center of paw pads (Figure 1). In some affected cats, horns have also been found on the nasal planum and eyelids. Cutaneous horns have been reported in FeLV- negative cats; however, they were located just ventral to the nail bed on the digital pads only. The diagnosis of  cutaneous  horns can be made on  FeLV  status  and clinical presentation alone, although histopathology is confirmatory. Immunohistochemical staining for FeLV antigen gp70 is positive in cases associated with FeLV infection. 皮角是从爪垫中心向外延伸的圆柱形硬角质块（图1）。有的患猫在鼻面和眼睑上也发现了皮角。有报道称，在FeLV阴性的猫身上有皮角；然而，它们仅位于甲床腹侧的爪垫上。皮角的诊断可以根据FeLV的状态和临床表现单独作出，尽管组织病理学可以证实。FeLV抗原gp70免疫组化染色阳性。

Infectious disease agents discussed in this review: 本综述讨论的感染性病原：
Viruses: 病毒	Fungi:真菌
-Feline immunodeficiency virus 猫免疫缺陷病毒	-Cryptococcus and Aspergillus species 隐球菌和曲霉菌属
-Feline leukemia virus 猫白血病病毒	-Blastomyces and Histoplasma species 芽生菌和组织胞浆菌属
-Feline papillomavirus 猫乳头状瘤病毒;	-Sporothrix species 孢子丝菌属
-Feline calicivirus 猫杯状病毒	Protozoa: 原虫病：
-Feline herpesvirus-1 猫疱疹病毒 I 型	- Toxoplasma gondii 弓形虫
-Feline infectious peritonitis virus 猫传染性腹膜炎病毒	-Leishmania species 利什曼原虫
-Feline cowpox virus 猫痘病毒
Bacteria:细菌
-Mycobacteria 分枝杆菌
-Nocardia and Actinomyces species 诺卡氏菌和放线菌属

Feline papillomavirus

猫乳头瘤病毒
Papillomaviruses are small, ubiquitous and hardy, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses. To date, four unique papillomaviruses have been identified and sequenced in cats (Felis catus papillomavirus [FcaPV] 1–4). A fifth virus, previously designated feline sarcoma associated papillomavirus (FeSarPV), amplified from feline sarcoids, is now thought to be a bovine papillomavirus (BPV-14).In cats, papillomaviruses are associated with the following syndromes: oral papilloma(FcaPV-1,FcaPV-2),exophytic papilloma (FcaPV-1), viral plaques(FcaPV-1,FcaPV-2),BISC(FcaPV 1–4) and feline sarcoids(BPV-14).
乳头状瘤病毒是一种小的、普遍存在的、耐寒的、无包膜的双链DNA病毒。迄今为止，在猫身上已鉴定出四种独特的乳头状瘤病毒（猫乳头状瘤病毒[FcaPV]1-4）。第五种病毒，以前被称为乳头状瘤病毒（FeSarPV）相关猫肉瘤，从猫的肉样瘤中扩增而来，现在被认为是一种牛乳头状瘤病毒（BPV-14）。在猫中，乳头状瘤病毒与下列症状有关：口腔乳头状瘤（FcaPV-1，FcaPV-2）、外生乳头状瘤（FcaPV-1）、病毒斑块（FcaPV-1，FcaPV-2）、BISC（皮肤原位癌）（FcaPV 1 - 4）和猫肉样瘤（BPV-14）。

FcaPV-2 has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of a high proportion (approxi- mately 60%) of nasal planum SCCs (see BISC box above). A recent study demonstrated a significantly longer median survival time in cats with p16-positive SCCs (consistent with a papillomavirus etiology) when compared with p16-negative SCC, making identification of the etiology clinically relevant.
FcaPV-2在鼻面鳞状细胞癌（见上述BISC表）的发病机制中占比很高（约60%）。最近的一项研究表明，与p16阴性SCC相比，p16阳性SCC（符合乳头状瘤病毒的病因）的猫的中位生存时间明显延长，从而使病因的确定具有临床意义。

Oral and cutaneous papillomas have been rarely reported in domestic cats. Oral papillomas may present as multiple raised pale nodules or plaques on the ventral surface of the tongue and may mimic feline eosinophilic granulomas or feline oral SCC. Two reports of cutaneous papillomas have been published and, in both, lesions appeared as exophytic nodules in sites of previous skin damage.
口腔和皮肤乳头状瘤在家养猫很少报道。口腔乳头状瘤可表现为舌腹面多个突起的苍白结节或斑块，类似猫的嗜酸性肉芽肿或猫的口腔鳞状细胞癌。已经发表了两篇关于皮肤乳头状瘤的报道，在这两篇报道中，在以前皮肤病变部位出现突出的结节。

Viral plaques are uncommon. No breed or sex predilection has been identified. Adults are typically affected, but reported ages have ranged from 7 months to 15 years. Immunosuppression seems to play a role and viral plaques may represent precursors to SCC (see BISC box on page 1150). Viral plaques are small (<8 mm), pigmented or non-pigmented lesions that often have a scaly, crusted or irregular surface and are found on haired skin.Differential diagnoses include actinic keratosis, BISC or SCC
病毒性斑块并不常见。目前还没有确定的品种或性别倾向。通常成年猫发病，但报告的年龄从7个月到15岁不等。免疫抑制似乎起作用，病毒斑块可能是鳞癌的早期表现（见第1150页BISC框）。病毒性斑块小（<8mm），色素性或非色素性病变，常有皮屑、结痂或表面不平整，见于有毛的皮肤。鉴别诊断包括光化性角化病、BISC（皮肤原位癌）或SCC（鳞状细胞癌）。

Feline sarcoids or fibropapillomas are rare papillomavirus-induced neoplastic proliferations of fibroblasts associated with BPV-14 that may be acquired after exposure to cattle. Sarcoids are slowly growing, firm, exophytic alopecic nodules that may become ulcerated. The nodules are singular or multiple and are most common on the nose, upper lip and digits of young cats. Differential diagnoses include other cutaneous neoplasms as well as inflammatory and infectious abscesses and granulomas.
猫肉样瘤或纤维乳头状瘤是罕见的乳头状瘤病毒诱导的，与BPV-14相关的成纤维细胞的肿瘤性增殖，可能是在接触牛后获得的。肉样瘤生长缓慢、硬的、表面脱毛的突出的结节，可能成为溃疡。结节是单发或多发的，最常见于幼猫的鼻子、上唇和爪部。鉴别诊断包括其他皮肤肿瘤以及炎性和感染性脓肿和肉芽肿。

Biopsy typically allows diagnosis of papillomaviral etiology. Papillomavirus-infected cells (termed koilocytes) are characterized by cytoplasmic clearing, pyknotic nuclei and increased blue–grey cytoplasm.The presence of papillomavirus can be confirmed with immunohistochemical staining to detect the L1 antigen. Molecular techniques including PCR have been used to detect viral DNA in lesions where viral replication is not active.
活检通常可以确诊乳头状瘤。乳头状瘤病毒感染的细胞（称为空泡样细胞）具有透明细胞质、核固缩、细胞质蓝灰色增多等特点，用免疫组化方法检测L1抗原可证实乳头状瘤病毒的存在。包括PCR在内的分子技术已被用于检测病毒复制不活跃的病变中的病毒DNA。

Feline calicivirus

猫杯状病毒
Feline caliciviruses are non-enveloped, single- stranded RNA viruses that are common upper respiratory pathogens of cats. Most field strains produce relatively mild disease. However, highly virulent strains cause high fevers, severe respiratory disease and cutaneous signs. Mortality for these strains ranges between 33% and 60%, which is in contrast to less virulent stains which produce high morbidity but low mortality. Dermatologic lesions associated with highly virulent calicivirus infection are striking and include edema of the head and limbs, skin ulcers and crusting (often of the nose, lips, periocular region, ears and footpads). Petechiae and ecchymoses have been noted in some coagulopathic cases. In any adult cat with acute systemic illness including respiratory signs, and head and limb edema, suspicion for feline calicivirus should be high. Diagnosis is based on virus isolation or PCR from oropharyngeal or conjunctival swabs
猫杯状病毒是一种无包膜的单链RNA病毒，是猫常见的上呼吸道病原体。大多数野毒株产生相对温和的疾病。然而，高毒力菌株会引起高烧、严重呼吸道疾病和皮肤症状。这些菌株的死亡率在33%到60%之间，这与产生高致病性但低死亡率的低毒力菌株形成对比。与高致病性杯状病毒感染相关的皮肤病是引人注目的，包括头部和四肢水肿、皮肤溃疡和结痂（通常是鼻子、嘴唇、眼周、耳部和爪垫）。在一些凝血异常病例中发现了瘀点和瘀斑。任何患有急性全身疾病（包括呼吸系统症状）和头部和四肢水肿的成年猫，更应该高度怀疑猫杯状病毒病。诊断是基于从口咽或结膜拭子中分离病毒或PCR。

Feline herpesvirus-1

猫疱疹病毒-1
Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) is widespread in the feline population. Infected cats become lifetime carriers, with inactive virus inhabiting the trigeminal ganglion. Recrudescence and increased viral shedding has been associated with periods of stress, illness and treatment with immunosuppressive medications (including glucocorticoids).Although over 90% of healthy, owned cats (US population) have been found to be seropositive to the virus, the incidence of clinical disease is low, and even fewer cats will ever show signs of herpesvirus dermatitis
猫疱疹病毒-1（FHV-1）在猫科动物中广泛存在。受感染的猫成为终生携带者，三叉神经节内有不活跃的病毒。复发和病毒脱落增加与应激期、疾病和免疫抑制药物（包括糖皮质激素）治疗有关。虽然超过90%健康家养猫（美国）被发现对病毒呈血清阳性，但临床疾病的发病率较低，甚至更少的猫会有过疱疹病毒性皮炎的症状

Most cats affected by herpesvirus dermatitis are adults (average 4.5 years).There is no breed or sex predilection and patients may or may not have a history of respiratory or ocular disease. Affected cats develop small vesicles; however, primary lesions are quickly disrupted, resulting in erosions, ulcers and crusts that can be painful or pruritic. Lesions are predominantly found on the face (especially the nasal planum [Figure 2a], bridge of the nose, perinasal or periocular areas), but have also been reported on the trunk and limbs.
大多数患疱疹病毒性皮炎的猫是成年猫（平均4.5岁），没有品种或性别偏好，患者可能有或可能没有呼吸道病史或眼病史。患猫会出现小水疱；然而，原发病变会很快被破坏，导致糜烂、溃疡和结痂，疼痛或瘙痒。病变主要见于面部（特别是鼻平面[图2a]、鼻梁、会阴或眼周区域），但也见于躯干和四肢。

Histopathology is required for diagnosis. Histologically, the lesions are characterized by ulceration and necrosis of the epidermis, with eosinophilic inflammation. Intranuclear inclusion bodies can be identified within keratinocytes (Figure 2b).Given the strong eosinophilic component in these cases, and difficulty identifying inclusion bodies, these lesions may be mistaken for allergic dermatitis or eosinophilic granuloma complex. Confirmatory testing is often warranted and may include PCR or immunohistochemistry (the current diagnostic standard).Differential diagnoses for herpesvirus dermatitis include other ulcerative and crusting diseases of the head and neck (see Table 1).
诊断需要组织病理学。组织学上，病变表现为表皮溃疡和坏死，伴有嗜酸性炎症。可见角质细胞核内包涵体（图2b）。考虑到这些病例中的强嗜酸性成分和难以识别包涵体，这些病变可能被误认为过敏性皮炎或嗜酸性肉芽肿综合征。通常需要进行明确检测，可能包括PCR或免疫组化（目前的诊断标准），疱疹病毒性皮炎的鉴别诊断包括其他头颈部溃疡性和结痂性疾病（见表1）。

Feline cowpox virus

猫痘病毒
Cowpox virus is a double-stranded DNA virus that affects cats, cattle, humans, dogs and other mammals. Disease is most commonly reported in the UK and Western Europe; there have been no reports from North America. The virus is spread through bites of rodent reservoir hosts or inoculation into wounds. Rural cats that hunt tend to be affected, with most infections occurring in the summer and fall.Human infections are frequently reported in association with cats.
牛痘病毒是一种影响猫、牛、人、犬和其他哺乳动物的双链DNA病毒。这种疾病在英国和西欧最为常见；北美没有任何报告。病毒通过啮齿动物宿主的叮咬或接种到伤口中传播。狩猎的农村猫容易受到感染，大多数感染发生在夏季和秋季。人类感染经常与猫有关。

After inoculation, local replication results in a primary lesion. Secondary lesions occur distantly following transient viremia. Initial lesions are erythematous, ulcerative, crusted macules or plaques, whereas secondary lesions comprise papules or nodules that may ulcerate. In some instances, severe necrotizing facial dermatitis has been reported. Rarely, affected cats may develop other systemic signs including necrotizing pneumonia that can result in death.
接种后，局部复制导致原发性病变。后期出现继发性病变，发生在短暂性病毒血症后。最初病变是红斑、溃疡、结痂性斑点或斑块，而激发病变包括丘疹或结节，可能溃疡。在某些病例中，严重坏死性面部皮炎已被报道。罕有受感染的猫会出现其他全身症状，包括坏死性肺炎，可能导致死亡。

Only cats that live in or have recently traveled to the UK or Western Europe should be considered suspects. Diagnosis can be achieved through identification of the virus in tissue samples.Lesions are characterized by extensive ulceration and necrosis, with ballooning degeneration of keratinocytes. Brightly eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies may be identified within keratinocytes.
只有生活在英国或西欧或最近去过英国或西欧的猫才应被视为高度怀疑。通过对组织样本中病毒的鉴定，可以确诊。病变的特征是大面积溃疡和坏死，角质细胞气球变性。在角质细胞内明显可见嗜酸性胞质包涵体。

Differential diagnoses include atypical bacterial and fungal infections, dermatophytosis, eosinophilic granuloma complex and neoplasia (SCC, lymphoma). If the disease presents mainly on the head or neck, all other causes of ulcerative facial dermatitis must be considered (Table 1).
鉴别诊断包括非典型细菌和真菌感染、皮肤癣菌病、嗜酸性肉芽肿综合征和肿瘤（鳞状细胞癌、淋巴瘤）。如果疾病主要出现在头部或颈部，则必须考虑溃疡性面部皮炎的所有其他原因（表1）。

Table1 表1.	Differentiation of ulcerative and crusting dermatoses of the head and neck 头颈部溃疡性和结痂性皮肤病的鉴别诊断
Disease疾病		History病史	Clinical features临床特征
Common 常见病	Dermatophytosis 皮肤癣菌病	Often young cats 通常是幼猫	Single or multifocal annular patches of alopecia 单发或多灶性环状脱毛斑
		Persian cats may be predisposed波斯猫可能易感	Variable scale and crust 数量不等的皮屑和结痂
		Acute onset急性发病	Most common on head, pinnae, paws 头部、耳廓、爪部最常见
		Contact with other cats 与其他猫接触史
		Others affected in household 家中有其他患猫
		Typically non-pruritic 非瘙痒性
		Poorly responsive or worsens with steroids 类固醇治疗无效或恶化
	Food allergy/atopy 食物过敏/异位性皮炎	Young adult, older adult 幼年、老年	Severe excoriations with crust over head, neck, preauricular Area头、颈、耳前区域的严重的抓痕伴有结痂
		Severe pruritus严重瘙痒	Lesions are flat to raised with alopecia, erythema, erosions, ulcers with thick crust 病变扁平至隆起，伴脱毛、红斑、糜烂，伴有厚结痂的溃疡
		Gradual onset逐渐发病
		Other dermatologic signs reported(symmetrical alopecia,eosinophilic granuloma complex,miliary dermatitis, recurrent otitis) 其他皮肤病学症状（对称性脱毛、嗜酸性肉芽肿综合征、粟粒性皮炎，复发性耳炎）
		Steroid responsive类固醇有效
Infrequent 少见病	Pemphigus foliaceus/erythematosus 落叶型天疱疮/红斑性天疱疮	Any age, typically adult or older任何年龄，尤其是成年犬猫或老年犬猫	Bilaterally symmetric erosions with crusts (primary pustules typically not seen) 双侧对称性糜烂伴结痂（原发性脓疱病变通常不可见）
		Acute onset急性发病
		Pruritus variable瘙痒多样化	Typically on bridge of nose, ears通常在鼻梁、耳部
		Steroid responsive 类固醇有效	Sometimes found elsewhere (feet [paronychia] and trunk) 有时在其他地方发现（爪 （甲沟炎）和躯干）
	Insect bite Hypersensitivity 昆虫叮咬过敏反应	Any age任何年龄	Early lesions are wheals, papules, plaques 早期病变有风疹、丘疹、斑块。
		Occurs in cats with access to the outdoors,and is typically seasonal 发生在能够接触到户外的猫身上，通常是季节性的。	Erosions/ulcers and crust with chronicity 糜烂/溃疡和慢性结痂
		Pruritus瘙痒	Most commonly, lesions are on bridge of nose and pinnal Tips 最常见的病变是在鼻梁和耳尖。
	SCC/BIsc, papilloma SCC/BISC、乳头状瘤	Older cats老年猫	Most commonly found on head (>80%) 最常见于头部 (>80%)
		Chronic慢性
	Cowpox牛痘	Endemic areas only 仅流行地区	Local lesion occurs first, followed by more diffuse secondary lesions 1-3 Weeks later 首先出现局部病灶，1-3周后出现更多弥漫性继发病灶。
		Typically occurs in summer and fall months 通常发生在夏季和秋季月份
		Cats with outdoor access, contact with rodents猫与户外啮齿动物接触史	Localized cellulitis, and epidermal nodules that ulcerate,drain and become crusted局限性蜂窝织炎和表皮结节溃疡、瘘道和结痂
		History of a bite wound 咬伤史
	Other neoplasia (mastcel, lymphoma) 其他肿瘤（肥大细胞、淋巴瘤）	Older cats老年猫	Lesions may be raised, nodular or appear locally invasive 病变可隆起、结节状或出现局部浸润。
		Slow onset缓慢发生
Uncommon 不常见病	Herpesviral dermatitis 疱疹性皮炎	Typically adult cats 通常是成年猫	Ulcerative dermatitis and crusts溃疡性皮炎和结痂
		May have history of upper respiratory infections 可能有上呼吸道感染史	Most commonly along the nasal planum, bridge of the nose,and periocular and perinasal skin. Occasionally found else where (trunk, limbs)最常见的是沿鼻平面、鼻梁，以及眼周和鼻周皮肤。偶尔发现其他地方（躯干、四肢）
		Develops after stressful event or use of an immunosuppressive agent (eg, steroids)在应激性事件或使用一种免疫抑制剂(如类固醇)后发生
	Cryptococcosis 隐球菌病	Typically young adult cats with outdoor access 通常是年轻的、可以在户外活动的青年猫	Cutaneous nodules with ulcers and draining tracts 皮肤结节伴有溃疡和瘘道
		May have concurrent signs including upper respiratory signs, CNS abnormalities and ocular abnormalities or blindness可能有并发症，包括上呼吸道症状，中枢神经系统异常和眼部异常或失明	Most commonly on face, pinnae, paws 最常见于面部、耳廓、爪部
	Himalayan idiopathicfacial dermatitis 喜马拉雅猫特发性面部皮炎	Young Persian and Himalayan cats 年轻的波斯猫和喜马拉雅猫	Adherent black debris, ulcers, crusting 附着的黑色皮屑、溃疡、结痂
		Become pruritic over time 随着时间的推移变得瘙痒	Restricted to the head (periocular, along the medial canthus, perinasal and perioral)局限于头部(眼周，沿眼内侧、鼻周和口周)
		Typically have secondary bacterial or yeast infection 典型的继发性细菌或酵母菌感染
Rare 罕见的	Giant cell dermatosis 巨细胞皮肤病	FeLV-positive cats 猫白血病毒阳性	Scale with erosions and crust 皮屑伴有糜烂和结痂
		Pruritic瘙痒	Perioral, pinnae or preauricular 口周、耳廓或耳前
			Lesions also found on the footpads, anus, prepuce, legs,trunk病变也见于爪垫、肛门、包皮、腿部、躯干
	Highly virulent calicivirus infection 高毒性杯状病毒感染	Typically adult cats 通常是成年猫	Facial and limb edema 面部和四肢水肿
		Severe systemic illness 严重全身性疾病	Ulcers and crusting lesions along nose, lips, periocular andperioral areas, ears, footpads鼻子、嘴唇、眼周和腹部、耳部、爪垫等部位的溃疡和结痂病变
			Petechiae and ecchymosis may be present 可能有瘀点和瘀斑。
	Feline infectiousperitonitis 猫传染性腹膜炎	Present with other systemic signs (weight loss, uveitis, conjunctivitis, rhinitis) 其他全身症状（体重减轻、葡萄膜炎、结膜炎、鼻炎）	Small crusted erythematous papules over neck, trunk, limbs颈部、躯干、四肢上结痂的红斑性小丘疹

SCC/BISC = squamous cell carcinoma -Bowenoid in-situ carcinoma; CNS = central nervous system; FeLV = feline leukemia virus
SCC/BISC：鳞状细胞癌-鲍文诺原位癌；CNS：中枢神经系统；FeLV：猫白血病病毒。

Feline infectious peritonitis 猫传染性腹膜炎 Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an almost invariably fatal systemic disease caused by mutation of a feline enteric coronavirus (FCoV) combined with an ineffective immune response. The disease is associated with disseminated pyogranulomatous vasculitis. Cutaneous lesions are rare. In four published reports, small (2–9 mm) variably erythematous and crusted papules were present over the trunk, neck and proximal forelimbs. Cytologic and histopathologic samples revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation.In one of these cases, FCoV infection was confirmed on biopsy sections using immunohistochemistry to identify viral antigens within macrophages. 猫传染性腹膜炎（FIP）是一种由猫肠道冠状病毒（FCoV）突变引起的全身性致死性疾病。该病与弥散性脓性肉芽肿性血管炎有关。皮肤病变很少见。在四份已发表的报告中，在躯干、颈部和前肢近端上存在小的（2～9毫米）多样的红斑和结痂性丘疹。细胞学和组织病理学检查显示脓性肉芽肿性炎症，其中一例在活检切片上用免疫组织化学方法确定巨噬细胞内的病毒抗原，从而确诊FCoV。

---

作者: 韩韩    时间: 2020-6-25 23:15

---

作者: 唐宛如    时间: 2020-6-26 08:28

---

作者: 王小喵    时间: 2020-6-26 14:17
能看到皮角的图吗

---

作者: xuxinwei916    时间: 2020-6-26 22:40

---

作者: 中国龙    时间: 2020-7-1 21:51
学习学习

---

作者: 廊坊永鑫罗玄    时间: 2020-7-6 14:57
学习了。

---

作者: 杏子    时间: 2020-7-21 17:12

---

作者: 王思雅    时间: 2026-4-1 16:25
学习学习

---

欢迎光临 宠医帮 (http://c.aliyun1.vetgroup.cn/)

Powered by Discuz! X3.2